@Lufy,

Great point – yes, if the USB drive has a hardware-level lock or goes into a protective read-only mode due to a power surge or hardware issue, software fixes alone won’t help. In those cases, the drive’s controller is essentially blocking any write operations to prevent data loss or corruption.

If it’s a physical switch (some USBs have this), make sure it’s set to the “write” position. But if it’s a firmware-level lock triggered by a fault, you’re looking at either:

Using the manufacturer’s recovery tool (if available)
Reflashing the USB controller (advanced and risky)
Or, worst case – replacing the drive if it’s permanently locked

So yes, you’re absolutely right – the guide applies mostly to software-level issues. Hardware-protected modes are a different beast.