Installing, updating, and removing (when needed) installed programs are key responsibilities in a system administrator’s daily life. When a machine is connected to the Internet, these tasks can be easily performed using a package management system such as aptitude (or apt-get), yum, or zypper, depending on your chosen distribution, as explained in Part 9 – Linux Package Management of the LFCE (Linux Foundation Certified Engineer) series. You can also download standalone .deb or .rpm files and install them with dpkg or rpm, respectively.
Introducing The Linux Foundation Certification Program
However, when a machine does not have access to the world wide web, another methods are necessary. Why would anyone want to do that? The reasons range from saving Internet bandwidth (thus avoiding several concurrent connections to the outside) to securing packages compiled from source locally, and including the possibility of providing packages that for legal reasons (for example, software that is restricted in some countries) cannot be included in official repositories.
That is precisely where network repositories come into play, which is the central topic of this article.
Our Testing Environment
Network Repository Server: CentOS 7 [enp0s3: 192.168.0.17] - dev1 Client Machine: CentOS 6.6 [eth0: 192.168.0.18] - dev2
Setting Up a Network Repository Server on CentOS 7
As a first step, we will handle the installation and configuration of a CentOS 7 box as a repository server [IP address 192.168.0.17] and a CentOS 6.6 machine as client. The setup for openSUSE is almost identical.
For CentOS 7, follow the below articles that explains a step-by-step instructions of CentOS 7 installation and how to setup a static IP address.
As for Ubuntu, there is a great article on this site that explains, step by step, how to set up your own, private repository.
Our first choice will be the way in which clients will access the repository server – FTP and HTTP are the most well used. We will choose the latter as the Apache installation was covered in Part 1 – Installing Apache of this LFCE series. This will also allow us to display the package listing using a web browser.
Next, we need to create directories to store the .rpm packages. We will create subdirectories within /var/www/html/repos accordingly. For our convenience, we may also want to create other subdirectories to host packages for different versions of each distribution (of course we can still add as many directories as needed later) and even different architectures.
Setting Up the Repository
An important thing to take into consideration when setting up your own repository is that you will need a considerable amount of available disk space (~20 GB). If you don’t, resize the filesystem where you’re planning on storing the repository’s contents, or even better add an extra dedicated storage device to host the repository.
That being said, we will begin by creating the directories that we will need to host the repository:
# mkdir -p /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/6
After we have created the directory structure for our repository server, we will initialize in /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/6 the database that keeps tracks of packages and their corresponding dependencies using createrepo.
Install createrepo if you haven’t already done so:
# yum update && yum install createrepo
Then initialize the database,
# createrepo /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/6
Updating the Repository
Assuming that the repository server has access to the Internet, we will pull an online repository to get the latest updates of packages. If that is not the case, you can still copy the entire contents of the Packages directory from a CentOS 6.6 installation DVD.
In this tutorial we will assume the first case. In order to optimize our download speed, we will choose a CentOS 6.6 mirror from a location near us. Go to CentOS download mirrorand pick the one that is closer to your location (Argentina in my case):
Then, navigate to the os directory inside the highlighted link and then choose the appropriate architecture. Once there, copy the link in the address bar and download the contents to the dedicated directory in the repository server:
# rsync -avz rsync://centos.ar.host-engine.com/6.6/os/x86_64/ /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/6/
In case that the chosen repository turns out to be offline for some reason, go back and choose a different one. No big deal.
Now is the time when you may want to relax and maybe watch an episode of your favourite TV show, because mirroring the online repository may take quite a while.
Once the download has completed, you can verify the usage of disk space with:
# du -sch /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/6/*
Finally, update the repository’s database.
# createrepo --update /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/6
You may also want to launch your web browser and navigate to the repos/centos/6/6 directory so as to verify that you can see the contents:
And you’re ready to go – now it’s time to configure the client.
