How to Install a Debian 10 (Buster) Minimal Server

Debian 10 (Buster) is the new stable version of the Debian Linux operating system, which will be supported for the next 5 years and comes with several desktop applications and environments, and includes numerous updated software packages (over 62% of all packages in Debian 9 (Stretch)). Read the release notes for more information.

In this article, we will show you how to install a Debian 10 (Buster) Minimal Server on your Linux server or computer.

System Requirements

For Desktop
  • Minimum RAM: 512MB
  • Recommended RAM: 2 GB
  • Hard Drive Space: 10 GB
  • Minimum 1GHz Pentium processor
For Server
  • Minimum RAM: 256MB
  • Recommended RAM: 512MB
  • Hard Drive Space: 2 GB
  • Minimum 1GHz Pentium processor

Installation of Debian 10 (Buster) Server

1. To install Debian 10 Buster directly onto your computer’s hard disk, you need to obtain the Debian 10 installation image(s) which may be downloaded by going to Debian on CDs.

2. Once you have downloaded the Debian CD and DVD images, create a bootable USB stick or burn it on a CD, or DVD using any software such as Bootiso, Rufus, UNetbootin, Gnome Disk Utility, Live USB Creator, and many others.

3. After creating a bootable media (USB stick or DVD), place it in the correct drive, reboot the machine, and tell the BIOS/UEFI to boot up from the DVD/USB by pressing a special function key (normally F12, F10 or F2) to open the boot menu. Then select your boot device from the list of devices and click Enter.

4. Once the installer boots, you will see the Installer menu (BIOS mode) that provides several options for installation. Select Install and click Enter.

Debian 10 Installer Menu
Debian 10 Installer Menu

5. Next, choose the language to be used for the installation process. Note that the language you select will also be used as the default system language. Then click Continue.

Select Debian Installation Language
Select Debian Installation Language

6. Then select your location (country) which will be used to set the system time zone as well as locales. You can find more countries under others if yours doesn’t appear in the default list.

Select Your Location
Select Your Location

7. Next, configure the keyboard by selecting the keymap to use. Remember that this affects the key-meaning associations of your computer’s keyboard.

Configure the Keyboard
Configure the Keyboard

Configuring the Network

8. If you have multiple network interfaces, the installer will ask you to select the one to use as the default/primary network interface. Otherwise, the first connected network interface is selected and configured automatically with DHCP.

Configure Network Connection
Configure Network Connection

8. Next, set the hostname (archaically nodename, e.g tecmint) for the system. This name helps to identify your system to other devices/nodes on a network.

Set Debian 10 Hostname
Set Debian 10 Hostname

10. Once the hostname is set, also set the domain name (e.g tecmint.lan). The domain name should be the same on all other nodes on your network. In this case, the system’s Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) will be tecmint1.tecmint.lan.

Set Debian 10 Domain Name
Set Debian 10 Domain Name

Creating User Accounts and Passwords

11. Here, you need to set a strong root password for your administrative account.

Set Debian 10 Root Password
Set Debian 10 Root Password

12. It’s now time to create user accounts. First, create a user account for non-administrative activities. This user can be configured to gain root privileges using sudo. Enter the new user’s full name and click Continue.

Create User Account
Create User Account

13. Next, create a username for the above user. Do not forget that the username must begin with a lower-case letter followed by a combination of numbers and more lower-case letters.

Set User Account
Set User Account

14. Set a strong and secure password (made up of a mixture of letters both lowercase and uppercase, numbers, and special characters) for the new user account. Confirm the password and click Continue.

Set User Password
Set User Password

15. Next, set your timezone.

Set Timezome
Set Timezome

Partitioning Disks for Debian Installation

16. Now it’s time to prepare the storage disk(s) before any file system is created on it during the actual installation of system files. There are several disk partitioning options but we will use Manual partitioning. So select it and click Continue.

Debian Manual Partitioning
Debian Manual Partitioning

17. The installer will display all currently installed disks (or configured partitions and mount points as well) on your computer. Select the disk you want to partition (e.g 34.4 GB ATA VBOX HARDDISK which is unpartitioned) and click Continue.

Choose Disk for Partitioning
Choose Disk for Partitioning

18. If you have selected an entire disk, the installer will show a warning message. Once you have decided to partition the disk, select Yes to create a new empty partition table on the disk and click Continue.

Create New Partition Table
Create New Partition Table

19. A new empty partition table has been created on the disk. Double click on it to create a new partition.

Select Disk for Partitions
Select Disk for Partitions
Creating root(/) Partition

20. Then double click on Create a new partition and enter the maximum size of the partition. Once you are done, click Continue.

Create New Partition
Create New Partition
New Partition Size
New Partition Size

21. Next, make the new partition a primary partition and set it to be created at the beginning of the available space.

Set Partition to Primary
Set Partition to Primary
Set Partition to Beginning
Set Partition to Beginning

22. The installer will then choose the default partition settings (such as file system type, mount point, mount options, label, etc.). You can make changes according to your requirements. When you have done, select Done setting up the partition, and click Continue.

Confirm New Partition Settings
Confirm New Partition Settings

23. The new partition (/ of size 30.4 GB) should now appear in the list of all configured partitions, with a summary of its settings as shown in the following screenshot. The free space is also displayed, which will be configured as swap space as explained next.

Root Partition
Root Partition
Creating Swap Space/Area

24. From the previous interface, double click on the free space (4 GB in this case), go through the same steps we used to create the root partition. Click Create a new partition, enter its size, then set it as a Logical partition and configure it to be created at the end of available space.

Choose Free Space
Choose Free Space

25. At the partition settings interface, set Use as value as swap area (double click on the default value to get more options). Then go to Done settings up the partition to continue.

Swap Partition
Swap Partition

26. Once all the necessary partitions (root and swap area) are created, your partition table should look similar to what is in the following screenshot. And double click on Finish partitioning and write changes to disk.

Disk Partition Table
Disk Partition Table

27. Then accept the recent changes made to the disk during the partitioning process to allow the installer to write them to the disk. Select Yes and click Continue. After that, the installer will start installing the base system.

Write Partition Changes
Write Partition Changes
Installing Debian Base System
Installing Debian Base System

Configure the Package Manager

28. During the base system installation process, the installer will prompt you to configure a network mirror for the APT package manager. Select Yes to add one, otherwise, you will have to configure it manually after installing the system.

Configure APT Package Manager
Configure APT Package Manager

29. Then select the Debian archive mirror country from the provided list. Select your country or a country in the same region or continent.

Configure Debian Archive Mirror
Configure Debian Archive Mirror

30. Now choose the Debian archive mirror e.g deb.debian.org is a good choice and it is picked by default by the installer. And if you want to use an HTTP proxy to access an external service, you can configure it in the next step then continue.

Choose Debian Archive Mirror
Choose Debian Archive Mirror

At this stage, the installer will try to configure the APT package manager to use the above Debian archive mirror, and it tries to retrieve a number of packages. Once that is done, the installation process will proceed.

31. Also, configure whether to participate in the package usage survey. You can modify your choice later on using the “dpkg-reconfigure popularity-contest” command. Select Yes to participate or No to continue.

Configure Debian Popularity Contest
Configure Debian Popularity Contest

Install Collection of Software

32. Next, select the predefined collection of software to install along with the base system files. For this guide, we will install a web server, print server, SSH server, and standard system libraries.

Install Debian Minimal Server
Install Debian Minimal Server

33. Last but not least, tell the installer to install the GRUB boot loader by selecting Yes from the following interface. Then click Continue. Then select the bootable device on which GRUB will be installed, and click Continue.

Install Grub Boot Loader
Install Grub Boot Loader
Install Grub Boot Loader to Partition
Install Grub Boot Loader to Partition

34. When the installation is complete, click Continue to close the installer and restart the computer. Remove the installation media and boot into your new Debian 10 system.

Debian Installation Finishes
Debian Installation Finishes
Debian Boot Menu
Debian Boot Menu

35. After the system boots, the login interface will show up. Enter your username and password, and click login to access the Debian 10 server.

Debian 10 Login
Debian 10 Login

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Debian 10 (Buster) Linux operating system on your computer. Do you have any queries, or thoughts to share, use the feedback form below to reach us?

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Aaron Kili
Aaron Kili is a Linux and F.O.S.S enthusiast, an upcoming Linux SysAdmin, web developer, and currently a content creator for TecMint who loves working with computers and strongly believes in sharing knowledge.

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8 Comments

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  1. Great article, in Linux partitioning, things never an easy job for me, but the article helped a lot to get things done very easily.

    Reply
    • Maybe Aaron is referring to the system requirements for a server. With those requirements any stone age computer can do the job. However, don’t expect to run a system like that in business environment.

      Reply

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