5 Useful Shell Scripts for Linux Newbies – Part II

Linux shell scripting is the art of writing small programs (scripts) to automate tasks in the command-line interface, which involves using commands, variables, loops, and conditionals to create efficient and automated workflows.

This article is an extension of our first article, understanding linux shell scripting. In that piece, we introduced you to scripting. Continuing from there, we aim to maintain the momentum and not disappoint you in this article.

Script 1: Drawing a Special Pattern

The following “Special_Pattern.sh” Bash script prompts the user to input a number between 5 and 9. If the input is within this range, the script proceeds to create a pattern of dots in two stages: an ascending pattern and a descending pattern.

The script utilizes nested loops for this purpose, creating a visually appealing pattern. Finally, a message is displayed, indicating support from Tecmint.com whenever assistance is needed.

#!/bin/bash

MAX_NO=0
echo -n "Enter a number between (5 to 9): "
read MAX_NO

if ! [ $MAX_NO -ge 5 -a $MAX_NO -le 9 ]; then
   echo "Please enter a number between 5 and 9. Try again."
   exit 1
fi

clear

for ((i=1; i<=MAX_NO; i++)); do
    for ((s=MAX_NO; s>=i; s--)); do
        echo -n " "
    done
    for ((j=1; j<=i; j++)); do
        echo -n " ."
    done
    echo ""
done

###### Second stage ######################

for ((i=MAX_NO; i>=1; i--)); do
    for ((s=i; s<=MAX_NO; s++)); do
        echo -n " "
    done
    for ((j=1; j<=i; j++)); do
        echo -n " ."
    done
    echo ""
done

echo -e "\n\n\t\t\t Whenever you need help, Tecmint.com is always there"

Most of the above ‘keywords‘ should be familiar to you, and many are self-explanatory. For example, ‘MAX‘ sets the maximum value of the variable, ‘for‘ is a loop, and anything within the loop executes repeatedly until the loop is valid for the given input value.

Special_Pattern Script
Special_Pattern Script

If you are a little aware of any programming language, learning the above script is not difficult, even if you are new to computation, programming, and Linux it is not going to be much more difficult.

Script 2: Creating Colorful Script

The “Colorful.sh” script is a Bash script created to demonstrate the use of ANSI escape codes for adding color and formatting effects to text output in the terminal.

These escape codes provide a simple way to enhance the visual appeal of terminal-based scripts or programs, which display various text styles, colors, and background colors, allowing users to experiment with different combinations.

#!/bin/bash
clear 
echo -e "\e[1mHello World"    # bold effect
echo -e "\e[5mBlink"           # blink effect
echo -e "\e[0mHello World"      # back to normal
echo -e "\e[31mHello World"     # Red color
echo -e "\e[32mHello World"     # Green color
echo -e "\e[33mHello World"     # Yellow color
echo -e "\e[34mHello World"     # Blue color
echo -e "\e[35mHello World"     # Magenta color
echo -e "\e[36mHello World"     # Cyan color
echo -e "\e[0m"                 # back to normal
echo -e "\e[41mHello World"     # Red background
echo -e "\e[42mHello World"     # Green background
echo -e "\e[43mHello World"     # Yellow background
echo -e "\e[44mHello World"     # Blue background
echo -e "\e[45mHello World"     # Magenta background
echo -e "\e[46mHello World"     # Cyan background
echo -e "\e[0mHello World"      # back to normal
Creating Colorful Shell Script
Creating Colorful Shell Script

Script 3: Encrypt a File or Directory

The “Encrypt.sh” script is a Bash script designed to provide a simple interface for encrypting a file using the GnuPG (GPG) encryption tool.

The script welcomes the user and prompts them to enter the exact filename, including the extension, of the file or folder they want to encrypt. It then uses GPG to encrypt the specified file, displaying a success message afterward.

Additionally, the script removes the original unencrypted file for added security. Note that the script should be placed in the same directory as the file to be encrypted due to its current limitation.

#!/bin/bash

echo "Welcome! I am ready to encrypt a file/folder for you."
echo "Currently, I have a limitation. Please place me in the same folder where the file to be encrypted is located."
echo "Enter the exact file name with the extension."
read file;

gpg -c "$file"

echo "I have successfully encrypted the file..."

# Ask for confirmation before removing the original file
read -p "Do you want to remove the original file? (y/n): " confirm

if [ "$confirm" == "y" ]; then
    rm -rf "$file"
    echo "Original file removed."
else
    echo "Original file was not removed. Exiting without deletion."
fi

The command "gpg -c filename" is used to encrypt a file using GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard) with symmetric encryption and the command "gpg -d filename.gpg > filename" is used to decrypt a GPG-encrypted file and save the decrypted content into a new file.

Encrypt File Script
Encrypt File Script

Script 4: Linux Server Monitor Script

The “Server-Health.sh” script is a Bash script designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the health and performance of a server.

When executed, the script gathers various system-related information and presents it in a structured format that includes uptime, currently connected users, disk and memory usage, list open ports, network connections, running processes, and system statistics.

#!/bin/bash
    date;
    echo "uptime:"
    uptime
    echo "Currently connected:"
    w
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "Last logins:"
    last -a |head -3
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "Disk and memory usage:"
    df -h | xargs | awk '{print "Free/total disk: " $11 " / " $9}'
    free -m | xargs | awk '{print "Free/total memory: " $17 " / " $8 " MB"}'
    echo "--------------------"
    start_log=`head -1 /var/log/messages |cut -c 1-12`
    oom=`grep -ci kill /var/log/messages`
    echo -n "OOM errors since $start_log :" $oom
    echo ""
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "Utilization and most expensive processes:"
    top -b |head -3
    echo
	top -b |head -10 |tail -4
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "Open TCP ports:"
    nmap -p- -T4 127.0.0.1
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "Current connections:"
    ss -s
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "processes:"
    ps auxf --width=200
    echo "--------------------"
    echo "vmstat:"
    vmstat 1 5
Linux Server Health Script
Linux Server Health Script

To redirect the output of the “Server-Health.sh” script to a file, you can use the following command:

./Server-Health.sh > server_health_report.txt

Script 5: Linux Disk Space Monitor Script

The “Check-Disk-Space.sh” script is designed to monitor disk space usage on a specified partition of a server. Configurable parameters include the maximum allowed disk space usage percentage (`MAX`), the email address for receiving alerts (`EMAIL`), and the target partition (`PARTITION`).

The script utilizes the df command to gather disk usage information and sends email alerts if the current usage exceeds the defined threshold.

#!/bin/bash

# Set the maximum allowed disk space usage percentage
MAX=90

# Set the email address to receive alerts
[email protected]

# Set the partition to monitor (change accordingly, e.g., /dev/sda1)
PARTITION=/dev/sda1

# Get the current disk usage percentage and related information
USAGE_INFO=$(df -h "$PARTITION" | awk 'NR==2 {print $5, $1, $2, $3, $4}' | tr '\n' ' ')
USAGE=$(echo "$USAGE_INFO" | awk '{print int($1)}')  # Remove the percentage sign

if [ "$USAGE" -gt "$MAX" ]; then
  # Send an email alert with detailed disk usage information
  echo -e "Warning: Disk space usage on $PARTITION is $USAGE%.\n\nDisk Usage Information:\n$USAGE_INFO" | \
    mail -s "Disk Space Alert on $HOSTNAME" "$EMAIL"
fi

Script writing and programming have no limits; you can implement anything as needed. That’s all for now. In my next article, I will introduce you to some different scripting flavors.

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Ravi Saive
I am an experienced GNU/Linux expert and a full-stack software developer with over a decade in the field of Linux and Open Source technologies

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93 Comments

Leave a Reply
  1. I was bothered by one of these scripts (#3 gpg encryption), and strongly suggest at least checking the return code from gpg before removing any file, especially when teaching how to write scripts.

    I don’t believe it is good practice to create scripts that remove files without pausing to ask permission first. The rm command has a -I option to prompt before deleting files which might be one possibility.

    A better option might be to decrypt each encrypted file and compare it to the original before removal. I also suggest considering how unexpectedly the script as presented might operate when given file/directory names containing spaces.

    I appreciate what you all do here, and understand the intention was to keep it simple. It’s great to teach scripting, but even better to teach defensive scripting. Feel free to take it or leave it, but that’s my two cents.

    Reply
    • @Pete,

      I have modified a script and included a confirmation prompt, where the script will only proceed with deleting the original file if the user enters 'y' for yes. If 'n' or any other input is provided, the script will exit without removing the file.

      This helps prevent accidental deletions and provides a safer user experience.

      Reply
  2. This is my script. I am a beginner so I just used the old template. It was successful.

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Welcome, now you want to decrypt a file/folder?"
    echo "Currently I have a limitation. Place me to the same folder, where a file to be decrypted is present"
    echo "Enter the Exact File Name with extension and the original filename before the encryption."
    read file;
    echo "Enter the exact file name before the encryption."
    read file2;
    gpg -d $file > $file2
    echo "I have decrypted the file successfully..."
    echo "Now removing the original encrypted file..."
    rm -rf $file
    
    Reply
  3. Hi! Thanks for this article. It is very useful. However, I have found that for Centos6 or Centos7, you have to add "\" into the command for the Colourful Script to activate the -e command.

    Reply
  4. ### Below is the decryption script####

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Welcome, I am ready to decrypt a file/folder for you"
    echo "currently I have a limitation, Place me to the same folder, 
    where a file to be decrypt is present"
    echo "Enter the Exact File Name with extension"
    read file;
    gpg -d $file > decpt.txt
    echo "I have decrypt the file successfully..."
    echo "Please confirm should we remove the original file. Please answer in Y or N"
    read answer
    if [ "$answer" == Y ];
    then
     rm -rf $file
     echo " We have removed the file successfully..."
    else
     echo "Thank You."
    fi
    
    Reply
  5. Hello,

    Actually I tried file encrypt script but when I execute the code it gives me error. Can you please send me how to do it will really appreciate your help.

    Thank you

    Reply
  6. Hi.
    You can try this.

    #!/bin/bash
    #Creador Alfredo Pettengill - Rollout-IT
    
    df="$(df -hP | egrep '^/dev/' | awk '{ print $6 "_:_" $5 }' )"
    hostname="$HOSTNAME"
    CPU="$(top -bn1 | grep load)"
    free="$(free -mt | grep Mem: )"
    THRESHOLD=75
    user="$(who)"
    if [[ "$df" > "$THRESHOLD" ]]
    then
    
        mail -s 'Disk Alert '$hostname' ' [email protected] << EOF
    Server Disk Space $hostname. Usado:
    
    $df
    
    ---Server RAM Memory---
    
                          Total       Used      Free     Shared   Buffer   Cache
    $free
    
    ---Server CPU usage---
    
    $CPU
    
    ---Loggin Users---
    
    $user
    EOF
    fi
    
    Reply
  7. Hi, good article. Perhaps when you are searching for OOM messages it is better to search the string “Out of memory” as with “kill” you would find more output then required.
    Thanks

    Reply
  8. You all guys are the best….
    One request to all of you pls explain every field in script for more understanding to the readers.
    Thank you all.

    Reply
  9. Pls try and explain each script in details and can u give me the code to decrypt an encrypted script. Thanks guys

    Reply
  10. Can you hep me to write a bash script that change the passphrase in a *.gpg file which i created before. The situation is that I create a decrypted file with passphrase by follow you above. Now i want to change the passphrase of that decrypted file, is that possible?

    Reply
  11. Hello
    I have tried the script1, I got error “syntax error: unexpected end of file”. I search google, but still not be able fix it.
    Can you please advise?

    Reply
  12. I think for defining colors, it would be much easier if you do:

    red=$'\e[1;31m'
    grn=$'\e[1;32m'
    yel=$'\e[1;33m'
    blu=$'\e[1;34m'
    mag=$'\e[1;35m'
    cyn=$'\e[1;36m'
    bld=$' \e[1m'
    end=$'\e[0m'
    

    Afte that:

    echo $red text $end
    

    “text” will be covered in red

    Reply
  13. Hi Avishek,
    Drawing a Special Pattern: Throwing an error
    ./pattern.sh: 19: ./pattern.sh: Syntax error: Bad for loop variable

    I have given 777 permission of the file.

    Reply
  14. HI Avishek,

    Nice blog , can you please guide me how to create one scripts it will check first memory utilazation if it is high then run command sh -c “sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches”

    Reply
    • Hi,

      I am new to shell scripting, i hope below script helps

      #!/bin/bash
      limit=100   #minimum free memory you need
      free=`free -m | awk '{print $3}' | xargs | awk '{print $2}'`
      
      if [ $free -ge $limit ]; then
      echo "memory is okay"
      exit 1
      fi
      echo "memeory usage high, cleaning cache"
      sh -c “sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches”
      
      Reply
      • @Paresh,

        Thanks for the script, but you should tell us what this script all about, so that other users can aware of it..

        Reply
        • @Ravi: my bad :)

          We need free ram available on server, for that we can use free -m command:

          [root@srv ~]# free -m
                                               total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
          Mem:                            996        579        417          0          8        171
          -/+ buffers/cache:      398        597
          Swap:                           2015        0         2015
          

          Now we will try to print only free ram cloumn:

          [root@srv ~]# free -m | awk '{print $3}'
          free
          579
          398
          0
          

          Using xargs, we can get this data in single line and print only 2nd field:

          [root@srv ~]# free -m | awk '{print $3}' | xargs
          free 579 399 0
          
          [root@srv ~]# free -m | awk '{print $3}' | xargs | awk '{print $2}'
          579
          

          Now we will store this value in free variable:

          free=`free -m | awk ‘{print $3}’ | xargs | awk ‘{print $2}’`
          

          You can define a variable “limit“, which will be the minimum amount of ram you want free in system.

          Then check if free variable is greater than or equal to limit, if yes then everything is okay else clear cache:

          if [ $free -ge $limit ]; then
          echo “memory is okay”
          exit 1
          fi
          echo “memeory usage high, cleaning cache”
          sh -c “sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches”
          
          Reply
          • @Paresh,

            Good nice script for checking free memory usage on Linux, but you’ve tested this script on all Linux distributions? If it works perfectly on all Linux OS, why not create a small 300 words article on this and publish at Tecmint?

            If you planning to write a article on this, here are the guidelines to follow:

            Introduce yourself, about script and explain each parameter used in this script and place the script in the article and show real time testing of scripts with screenshot and at the end add conclusion about script..

    • How do you get time stamp of one file? simply by executing of the below commands.

      $ stat /path/to/file/file_name
      $ ls -l /path/to/file/file_name
      $ ls -lc /path/to/file/file_name
      $ ls -lu /path/to/file/file_name
      

      So how will you print time stamp of more than one file from different location.

      $ stat /path/to/file/file_name /path/to/file2/file_name2 
      $ ls -l /path/to/file/file_name /path/to/file2/file_name2
      $ ls -lc /path/to/file/file_name /path/to/file2/file_name2
      $ ls -lu /path/to/file/file_name /path/to/file2/file_name2
      

      Hope it helps!

      Reply
  15. Hi,

    I need a shell script that greps a pattern and return the count of each patterns.

    Contents of file:

    This is an Apple. Apple is good for health
    lemon is a fruit
    lemon is in yellow color
    This is a banana

    Just grep words: Apple, lemon, banana and return no of occurrences.preferably shell script.

    Reply
  16. Here is my Decription script:

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Enter Encrypted File Name:"
    read file;
    gpg -d $file".gpg" > $file
    rm -rf $file".gpg"
    

    So, by an eof error I’ve lost contens of the encrypted file, ‘pattern.sh.gpg’, and now I’ve got only ‘pattern.sh’ with 0 byte. What did I miss?

    Reply
  17. Hello,

    this is how i wrote the decrypt script don’t know if thats the correct way though but it worked , the thing is that i couldn’t make the script to make the file to appear in its former name (the filename was hello.txt) so i give the option to make a newfilename.txt.

    Any help or advice is welcomed.
    Thanks for the tutorials it really helps.

    decrypt.sh script follows bellow
    #!/bin/bash
    echo “Welcome, I am ready to decrypt a file/folder for you”
    echo “currently I have a limitation, Place me to the same folder, where the file to be
    decrypted is present”
    echo “Enter the Exact File Name with extension”
    read file;
    gpg -d $file>hunter.txt
    echo “I have decrypted the file succesfully…”
    echo “Now I will be removing the encrypted file”
    rm -rf $file

    Reply
  18. How can I show in Linux when -d parameter is supplied the three user in the system that uses more disk space in their homes. Sort these three user by the disk usage and for each of them show their name, total space and home directory.

    Output should be like this:

    Disk usage:
    Jane 204816/users/Jane
    Joe 102420/home/joe
    sync 12584 /sbin

    Reply
  19. Hi Avishek,

    I am using Fedora 20 – Heisenberg. I wrote a script but the nested for loop is not working as intended. for the following variables I want to print:

    5 1 8 250 0 5180
    5 1 8 150 1 5181
    5 1 8 110 2 5182
    5 1 8 50 3 5183
    5 1 8 20 4 5184
    5 1 16 250 0 51165
    5 1 16 150 1 51166
    and so on...
    

    I keep getting the result:

    5 1 0 8 250 0 5180
    10 1 0 8 250 1 10181
    15 1 0 8 250 2 15182
    20 1 0 8 250 3 20183
    50 1 0 8 250 4 50184
    

    Can you tell me why the nested loop is not working? I would really appreciate your help.

    #!/bin/bash
    
    dist=('5' '10' '15' '20' '50') #loop "i"
    retx=('1' '3' '5') #loop "j"
    CWmin=0
    CWmax=('8' '16' '32') #loop "k"
    numnodes=('250' '150' '110' '50' '20') #loop "l" 
    seed=0
    #seed=('0')
    
    for(( i = 0; i < 5; i++ ))
    do
    	for(( j = 0; i < 3; i++ ))
    	do
    		for(( k = 0; i < 3; i++ ))
    		do
    			for(( l = 0; i < 5; i++ ))
    			do
    				echo "$seed"
    				echo  ${dist[$i]} ${retx[$j]} $CWmin ${CWmax[$k]} ${numnodes[$l]} $seed ${dist[$i]}${retx[$j]}${CWmax[$k]}$seed
    				((seed=seed+1))
    			done
    		done
    	done
    done
    
    Reply
      • Hi Avishek Kumar,

        Please help me .
        I want run one jar file, that jar file and input.property file Application team provided and run that jar weekly once, Before running need to take mysql DB dump backup.

        Thanks,
        Ram

        Reply
        • I didnt understand ur question.
          see if it helps

          Run Jar fie : java -jar filename.jar
          schedule the execution : you need to cron the job.

          Reply
  20. thnx for this series … am looking forward to working through it … however have struck an issue with the script

    Script 1: Drawing a Special Pattern

    there appears to be a syntax error (near the ‘Second Stage comment’) that prevents it from running in entirety … which makes it a bit frustrating for noobs … :)

    any chance of having a look at it :)

    cheers

    Geoff

    Reply
    • @Geoff:- It’s just identation errors. Even I faced same problem. Just place that line onto new one with single for loop in one line and the problem will be solved. Cheers :)

      ~ Dushyant

      Reply
  21. I need some assistance with creating the Decrypt script, this is what I have so far.

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Welcome, I am ready to decrypt a file/folder for you"
    echo "currently I have a limitation, Place me to thh same folder, where a file to be
    decrypted is present"
    echo "Enter the Exact File Name with extension"
    read file;
    gpg -d $file > $file.txt
    echo "I have decrypted the file successfully..."
    echo "Now I will be removing the encrypted file"
    

    It decrypts the file, but doesn’t ask for password, and adds the .gpg and .txt at the end of the file.

    My other questions were how to take the output of a script and put i into a file or folder.

    Please e-mail me at [email protected]

    Reply
  22. Hi Avishek,

    I need one help regarding Linuc Shell scripting.

    Sample file content:

    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:14 -0500] "POST /IMN/maintain.do?methodName=handleSetSection HTTP/1.1" 200 280873 920181
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/tablehighlighter.js HTTP/1.1" 404 41 50234
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/images/slot_header_leftDark.gif HTTP/1.1" 304 - 1700
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/images/slot_header_bodyDark.gif HTTP/1.1" 304 - 1413
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/images/slot_header_rightDark.gif HTTP/1.1" 304 - 1546
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/images/slot_body_repeat_narrow.gif HTTP/1.1" 304 - 1468
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/images/slot_body_footer_narrow.gif HTTP/1.1" 304 - 5801
    10.101.194.32 - - [23/Oct/2014:10:49:15 -0500] "GET /IMN/common/images/slot_body_header_narrow.gif HTTP/1.1" 304 - 44407
    

    The last data coulmn having milli seconds. for example and from above sample data.

    My requriement:

    For above sample file, need to check if any of the request will takes more than 25 seconds need to send email alert to the team. How to write script for this scenario. Can you please help me on this .

    Thanks
    Gowri Shankar

    Reply
    • Dear saiba aka Vaibhav Choudhary.
      Shell scripting is a very powerful tool and it will surely help you getting a job.
      Good Luck.

      Reply
  23. hello Avishek,

    Thanks for this very helpful tips. can you help on decrypting script?
    I just changed the gpg -c to gpg -d but it seems not working, I can still see the file as .gpg

    Thank you in advance,
    Dodie

    Reply
  24. You are doing very good and understandable job. Keep going :)

    P.S Do you have an article, how to install O/S with LEMP or LAMP functions?

    Thanks in advance.

    Reply
      • Dear Avishek,
        Thank you very much… I had seen your articles about LEMP & LAMP and i had already use it, what i meant in my question above was if you have any article about O/S installation via scripting.
        i.e (i imagine that it will be very helpful to install O/S via scripting, if you have 10 machines and you need to make it simultaneously) or if you have any article with examples like these ones that you post it but with installation commands.
        Thanks again.

        Reply
        • Installing Linux via scripting on several machines at a time?

          I think you are talking about setting up of PXE Boot server.

          Reply
          • Something like that, is this the best way when you have to install new workstations? i’m asking because i really don’t know how to do it. I have in mind to minimize the time when i want to set up new machines, and i thought that it will be the best if i make a script and run it. I.E specific edition CentOS 6.5 or Ubuntu, create new user & pass with home directory, and the most important is to take backup from them i assume every two or three days so not to worry if someone do something.

            Thanks again for your help.

          • Also Avishek i would like to ask which is the best way to create a script with Lamp/Lemp installation? and if you have any similar article about it.

  25. Hi Avishek,
    could you please tell me if you are offering online linux scripting classes, and how much doest it costs.

    regrds

    Reply
    • Dear Lucky!
      we are offering location based training classes and currently we are having it in Mumbai.
      Free free to contact Tecmint.com about your needs and corresponding cost.

      Keep Connected.

      Reply
  26. Its really helpful for new learner .Share other scripts from where we get some tips and increase our productivity in our organization

    Thanks a lot for sharing your knowledge :)

    Reply
  27. how to run the shell programs i’m confuging about the path where it is being located the bin while running the program it will giving an error

    Reply
    • Dear Mallinath Swamy,
      we described above, in very simple words, how to execute a shell script.

      well once again,
      cd /path/to/folder
      chmod 755 script_name.sh
      ./script_name.sh

      Hope it helps.

      Reply
  28. To those who are confusing about the script 1, below is the actual formatted text

    #!/bin/bash
    
    MAX_NO=0
    
    echo -n "Enter Number between (5 to 9) : "
    read MAX_NO
    
    if ! [ $MAX_NO -ge 5 -a $MAX_NO -le 9 ] ; then
       echo "WTF... I ask to enter number between 5 and 9, Try Again"
       exit 1
    fi
    
    clear
    
    for (( i=1; i=i; s-- ))
        do
           echo -n " "
        done
        for (( j=1; j=1; i-- ))
    do
        for (( s=i; s<=MAX_NO; s++ ))
        do
           echo -n " "
        done
        for (( j=1; j<=i;  j++ ))
        do
         echo -n " ."    # echo -n " ." , you should read it as space and a dot(.)
        done
        echo ""
    done
    
    
    echo -e "\n\n\t\t\t Whenever you need help, Tecmint.com is always there"
    

    Thank you very much Avishek Kumar…that was wonderfull lecture

    Reply
  29. I am getting error while running pattern sample script

    ./drawing2.sh: line 15: syntax error near unexpected token `do’
    ./drawing2.sh: line 15: `do’

    Reply
    • don’t copy and past from the site the scripts are missing characters and the formatting is messed up on some of them.

      Use the links – Download Special_Pattern.sh

      Reply
  30. Hello,
    the tips u r giving is very helpful for me, thanks a lot
    can u plz put debian based command for Ubuntu
    its main configuration file location etc….

    Reply
    • ThanKs Hari, for the good words about our Article, we will continue to provide you, valueable articles of this kind. However Your question was not clear, hence we are not able to understand your problem.

      Debain based command for ubuntu???

      Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian, and more or less all the programs will run on ubuntu as smooth as on Debian. Which Kind of Configuration File you Need to edit?
      Please Tell us your problem in details and be clear in language. We will be Happy to help you.

      Reply

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