The previous Arch Linux topic, just covered the basic installation from scratch, with minimal configurations through command line needed to boot the system and access internet for future configurations.
But, just running an Operating System from command line only, especially Arch Linux, is the job of Linux intermediate or guru users, can be very intimidating for newbies or those who came from Linux GUI distributions or even Microsoft Windows.
This tutorial guides you through transforming the main Arch Linux CLI only into a powerful and robust Desktop platform, with an awesome customizable desktop environment in Linux world this days – “Cinnamon” – and all the necessary software for an average desktop user, all of this done with the help of pacman software manager which does all necessary library, dependency and configuration checks on your behalf.
Requirements
Previous Arch Linux installation on a Desktop, Laptop or Netbook with a working Internet connection.
Step 1: Install Xorg Server and Video Drivers
1. After initial system login we need to do a full system update by issuing the following command.
$ sudo pacman –Syu
2. Before we install all the necessary software’s, we need the help of a package “bash-completion“, that automatically completes commands or shows a list of possible commands by pressing TAB key.
$ sudo pacman –S bash-completion
3. The next step is to install the default X environment that provides the main Xorg server configurations and 3D support.
$ sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-utils xorg-server-utils mesa
4. For an extra Xorg functionality also install the following packages.
$ sudo pacman -S xorg-twm xterm xorg-xclock
5. For a laptop or netbook, also install drivers for touchpad input support.
$ sudo pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics
6. Now we need to install system VGA (Video Card) specific drivers, but first of all we need to identify our system graphics. Issue the following command to identify your video card.
$ lspci | grep VGA
If your system is a newer Laptop with Optimus support the output should show you two graphics card, usually an Intel and Nvidia or an Intel and ATI. The Linux drivers support for this kind of technology is now so brilliant at this time (you can try Bumblebee or Primus) for a minimal VGA switching.
7. After you detected your Graphics, is now time to install appropriate drivers. By default, Arch offers Vesa default video driver – xf86-video-vesa – that can handle a large number of graphic chipsets but does not provide any 2D or 3D acceleration support.
Also Arch Linux provides two types of Video Drivers.
- Open Source (maintained and developed by distribution – recommended for installation).
- Proprietary (developed and maintained by Video Cards manufacturer).
In order to list all available Open Source video drivers provided by Arch Linux official repositories run the following commands.
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep xf86-video
To list Proprietary drivers run the following commands.
## Nvidia ## $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep nvidia
## AMD/ATI ## $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep ATI $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep AMD
## Intel ## $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep intel $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep Intel
For Multilib Packages – 32-bit applications on Arch x86_64 – use the following commands.
## Nvidia ## $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-nvidia $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-nouveau
## ATI/AMD ## $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-ati
## Intel ## $ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-intel
8. After you verify what drivers are available for your Graphics proceed with appropriate video driver package installation. As mentioned above you should stick to Open Source drivers, due to fact that they are maintained and properly tested by the community. To install Graphics Driver run the following command (after xf86-video – press TAB key to show list and autocomplete).
$ sudo pacman -S xf86-video-[TAB]your_graphic_card
For further information regarding Xorg and Graphics drivers go to Arch Linux Wiki Xorg page at https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg.
9. After your Video Card appropriate drivers has been installed, is time to test Xorg server and video drivers by issuing the following command.
$ sudo startx
If everything is correctly configured a basic X session should start like in the screenshot below, which you can ditch by typing exit onto the larger console window.
$ exit
Step 2: Install Desktop Environment – Cinnamon
10. Now is time to provide an awesome innovative customizable Graphical User Interface – Full Desktop Environment for our system by installing Cinnamon package. Run the following command to install Cinnamon and other dependency from official arch repository.
$ sudo pacman -S cinnamon nemo-fileroller
11. Next step is to install GDM display manager package which helps system to start X server and provides a Graphical User Interface for users to login to Cinnamon DE.
$ sudo pacman –S gdm
12. Next step is to enable then start and test GDM by logging to Arch Linux using your credentials.
$ sudo systemctl enable gdm $ sudo systemctl start gdm
13. After GDM loads you will be prompted with a Login window. Select your user -> click on Sign In left icon and choose Cinnamon, then enter your password and hit Sign In button or Enter key.
14. So far our internet connection is managed through command line, but if you want to manage your network connections from GUI you need to disable dhcpd service and install, enable and start Network Manager package. Also install net-tools package for extended network commands. From GUI open an UXterm shell prompt and run the following commands.
Install ifconfig provided by net-tools package and then view interface configuration using following commands.
$ sudo pacman –S net-tools $ ifconfig
Next, install Network Manager.
$ sudo pacman -S network-manager-applet
Disable dhcpcd service.
$ sudo systemctl stop [email protected] $ sudo systemctl disable [email protected] $ sudo systemctl stop dhcpcd.service $ sudo systemctl disable dhcpcd.service
Start end enable Network Manager.
$ sudo systemctl start NetworkManager $ sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
15. Now test your internet connection again running ifconfig to get network interfaces status, then issue a ping command against a domain.
To do a complete system testing, reboot your system to make sure everything is correctly installed and configured so far.
Step 3: Install Basic Softwares
16. For now our system provides a minimum installed software that can’t be much of help on a day to day desktop or laptop use. Run the following long command to install basic softwares.
$ sudo pacman -S pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa pavucontrol gnome-terminal firefox flashplugin vlc chromium unzip unrar p7zip pidgin skype deluge smplayer audacious qmmp gimp xfburn thunderbird gedit gnome-system-monitor
17. Also install codecs required for multimedia applications to encode or decode audio or video streams by issuing the following command.
$ sudo pacman -S a52dec faac faad2 flac jasper lame libdca libdv libmad libmpeg2 libtheora libvorbis libxv wavpack x264 xvidcore gstreamer0.10-plugins
18. Install LibreOffice package if you need Office tools like Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw, Math and Base by running the following command and press Enter key on selection (default=all).
$ sudo pacman -S libreoffice
If you need other programs or utilities visit Arch Linux Packages page at https://www.archlinux.org/packages/, search for your package and install it via Pacman.
To remove a package use –R switch with pacman command.
$ sudo pacman -R package-to-remove
19. To install community maintained software install Yaourt Package Manager Tool (not recommended to use yaourt for beginner users).
$ sudo pacman -S yaourt
Step 4: Customize Cinnamon Desktop
20. Cinnamon System Settings provides the interface through you can adjust and customize Arch and Cinnamon DE with whatever settings suits your needs. The following settings will show you how to change your system general look and feel (theme and icons). First of all, install Faenza Icon Theme and Numix Theme.
$ sudo pacman -S Faenza-icon-theme numix-themes
21. Then open System settings –> Themes –> Other Settings –> choose Numix on Controls and Window borders and
Faenza on Icons.
22. To change default Cinnamon theme go to System settings –> Themes –> Get more online –> select and install Minty, then go to Installed tab, choose and Apply Minty theme.
That’s all! Now your final system appearance should look like in the screenshot below.
23. As a last customization to display a nice graphical monitoring tool on system toolbar first install the following packages.
$ sudo pacman -S libgtop networkmanager
Then open System Settings –> Applets –> Get more online, search for Multi-Core System Monitor and install it, then switch to Installed tab, right click and Add to panel.
You now have a complete good looking Arch Linux Desktop with basic software needed to browse Internet, watch movies, listen music or write Office docs.
For a complete Application List visit the following page
Build on a Rolling Release model Arch Linux also provides other Linux Desktop Environments, such as KDE, GNOME, Mate, LXDE, XFCE, Enlightenment, from its official repositories , so choosing Cinnamon or other DE is just a pure simple personal choice, but, in my opinion, Cinnamon provides a better flexibility (Themes, Applets, Desklets and Extensions) against complex customizations than its parent Gnome Shell.
xorg-utils and xorg-server-utils got moved into xorg-apps
i hope you update this.
Thanks.
how to install cinnamon on raspberry pi 3 ? ive been trying and just cant figure it out .
You need an operating system to run cinnamnon.
I can’t press TAB key at the Step 8.How can i do?
Maybe your TAB key is broken or you don’t have an autocompleter (bash-completion) installed on your machine. Visit official Arch Linux Xorg driver page: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg
Love this tutorial but jesus this website has something weir…my internet explorer is consuming 800mb every time a fu1@#@13 open this web site. Sorry anyways thanks my men you deserve a cookie.
Ever heard of google chrome
thank you after a struggle i finally did it credits to you
My System Settings don’t seem to be working correctly..
Any ideas on what could have caused this issue?
It could be a bug in Cinnamon System Settings. Try capture the errors and reply on Arch mail list or forums.
Thankyou for the guide, it worked great!!
Finally I installed Arch linux with your complete easy step by step guide . Thank you so much
This is the third tutorial of yours that i go through and I just have to say how grateful I am, thanks!
I really appreciate your tutorials. The best of what I have seen for now on installing Arch. Thank you
Hi, I actually am trying to access cinnamon in a VM. MY computer is a windows laptop and i want to switch back and forth between the two would i be able to do that if i follow the steps above? I have installed cinnamon using the following steps:
yum grouplist
yum groupinstall “Cinnamon Desktop” –skip-broken
systemctl set-default graphical.target /// this last command is to make sure that the cinnamon launches in graphical mode, but when this is done i don’t see anything happen?
I’d appreciate if anyone could give me some help!
@Mesam,
Have you rebooted the machine after last command? if not, just reboot the machine and see its taking you into graphical mode..
nevermind, I’ve found a solution, thanks for the tutorial, very helpful.
um… I followed all the steps, but when I logged in to GDM, my username is not listed, so I have to log in as root as my username,, how can I make my user available? .__.
Amazing, thank you! Just what I needed.
thanks to your efforts i could start with arch
now i am trying to get the latest git for cinnamon to work
i get a compiling error.
is there an arch way to get the latest cinnamon?
Before disabling the dhcpcd services, you should also install gnome-keyring. I couldn’t connect to any network (wifi or cable) with the NetworkManager. Maybe mention it in the article?
@Rien,
Sure, but do let us know how you figured out and how you solved..It would be great if you could provide those steps here.so that I can mention it in the article..thanks in advance
Thanks a lot for providing this tutorial. Saves a lot of time instead of having to hunt down all applications that work nice together with Cinnamon. Btw in step 16 you list vlc twice.
Thanks for pointing out duplication, corrected in write-up..
@Paul Heine: Maybe a problem with your graphic card. Make sure you install the correct driver for for your card.
Run sudo pacman –Ss | grep xf86-video and see what kind of driver suits your Graphical Card.
Hi Matei. Thank you for a great tutorial. Unfortunately “startx” doesn’t work – problem with X server it seems. Do you have any insight on this. Nothing I’ve tried from Googling has worked so far. Many thanks.
Finally, all the steps in one place and in the correct order! :) Thanks a bunch for this post, I just knew I was gonna burn a Saturday setting this up. From following other tutorials and the Arch wiki, I didn’t have all the packages installed and didn’t know it. Your post filled in the blanks and all is well. Time to grab a beer! :)
@Wanto: If you have an ATI card you should install xf86-video-ati.
Many thanks for this useful post, but i’m still can’t install my VGA driver.
I’m install arch linux on my notebook with VGA AMD/ATI Radeon HD 8330, which driver that should I install ?
I love linux especially archlinux and gnome 3 , but installing citrix reciever which i use to connect to my work environment on 64bit is too much of a hassle and does not work well with gnome 3 .
Many thanks for sharing this tutorial.